〔編 譯林翠儀／綜合報導〕為了縮小退休金的官民差距，日本內閣會議二日通過一項草案，決定削減中央政府公務員約十五％（平均約四百萬日圓，一四五萬台幣）的退 休補助，國家公務員的平均退休補助將從目前的二七○○萬圓（約合九八四萬台幣），降為二三○○萬圓（約合八三八萬台幣），法案若獲本屆國會審議通過，最快 預定從明年一月起實施。
日本中央政府公務員在退休後可以領取退休補貼和「共濟年金（互助養老金）」，合計金額約二九五○萬圓，比民間企業人 士領取的二五四七萬圓，多出四○三萬圓（約合一四六萬台幣），日本政府決定在二○一四年七月底前，透過修改制度分三個階段逐步下調公務員退休金，以縮小官 民差距。
砍145萬元 最快明年實施
除了第一階段預定削減十五％的退休補助之外，配合二○一五年十月公務員「共濟年金」與民間人士的「厚生年金」整合，設立新的養老年金制度，內閣會議也決定廢除附加在「共濟年金」上的「職務加給」。
另外，由於政府禁止公務員退休後「空降」職務相關企業之後，公務員逐漸趨於高齡化，為了鼓勵公務員提早退休，政府也決定擴充公務員優退制度，適用優退對象，將從現今的五十歲降為四十五歲，並提高退休補助做為獎勵。
日本為籌措震災重建財源，從今年四月起的兩年內，削減中央政府公務員平均薪水達七．八％，現在又將修法削減退休補助，在官民薪資待遇上力求平等。
分三階段 力求薪資平等
事實上，日本在泡沫經濟瓦解之前，中央政府公務員與民間企業人士的平均年薪幾乎一樣，根據一九八八年的統計，民間企業男性上班族領取的平均年薪為四六八萬圓，中央政府公務員為四六三萬圓，民間企業平均年薪甚至比公務員多五萬圓。
可 是從一九九三年之後，民間企業受到不景氣影響薪資未見成長，反而是公務員的年收入開始逆轉直上，到了二○○○年，中央政府公務員的平均年薪已多於民間企業 上班族約一百萬圓，至二○一○年，中央政府公務員平均年薪約六二四萬圓，而民間企業男性平均年薪僅為五○七萬圓（男女平均為四一二萬圓），若不算加班費， 單是平均年薪中央政府公務員就是民間企業職員的一．五倍。由於這種薪資所得的強大差距，已成為社會關注的議題，日本政府也試圖從制度加以修改調整。
Japan governments open to compromise to avoid "fiscal cliff"
TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan's government is ready to compromise with the opposition to pass a crucial bill needed to prevent a crippling funding shortfall, Vice Finance Minister Tsutomu Okubo said on Thursday, urging the opposition to spell out terms.
The main opposition Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has been pressing Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda to call an early election, using the funding issue to beggar the government into submission at a time when the world's third largest economy stands at risk of sliding into recession.
That term was coined to describe massive tax hikes and cuts to public spending that could hit the United States at the start of 2013 if the Congress fails to act.
To prevent something similar happening in Japan, Noda called an extra parliament session running until November 30 to pass the bill to issue deficit-financing bonds, but needs backing from the opposition, which controls the upper house and can block legislation there.
Otherwise, Japan could run out of money by the end of this month and would have to stop debt auctions in December. The government is already delaying some spending on tax grants to rural governments, some government affiliate agencies and univesities to avoid running out of cash.
Without more funds, the government would have to dip into reserves to service debt and avoid a default, and could be forced to cut benefits to unemployed, salaries for civil servants, and transfers to rural goverments.
Credit ratings agencies have warned over the dangers posed by political deadlock. Moody's on Thursday reiterated its concern with the prolonged standoff that left the government unable to borrow 38.3 trillion yen ($479.17 billion) needed to cover the budget deficit and finance about 40 percent of its spending for the fiscal year ending in March 2013.
Okubo said passage of the bill was the utmost priority for the government, aware that a failure to do so would have grave consequences for markets and the economy.
"I want ruling and opposition parties to sit at a negotiating table and come up with concrete proposals. We should then quickly respond after looking at those proposals," Okubo said.
The opposition had forced Noda in August to promise an election "soon". But with his Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) scoring poorly in opinion polls, Noda has been coy on the exact timing of an election that must be held by August 2013.
Some opposition lawmakers have suggested a compromise was possible if the government met other demands, such as cutting some spending in the current budget.
Okubo said it was premature to make any response.
"I'm aware some people say we should tweak the budget to cut spending, but the Liberal Democratic Party as a whole has not made such a proposal yet. We cannot respond until we look at a concrete proposal."
STABILITY
Speaking ahead of a Group of 20 finance chiefs' November 4-5 meeting in Mexico, Okubo also said fiscal problems of Japan and the United States along with Europe's sovereign debt crisis and the slowdown in emerging market economies all posed major risks to global economy.
While Tokyo has not intervened in the currency market for nearly a year, Japan has long argued that one of the unwanted side effects of the euro crisis was capital flight to the relative safety of the yen, driving it beyond levels that its exporters can cope with.
"If there's a discussion (at G20), we want to maintain the need for currency stability as excess volatility and disorderly movements hurt the economy," Okubo told a news conference later on Thursday, after speaking to Reuters.
The G20 meeting was also likely to discuss the impact of U.S. financial regulation, including a so-called Volcker rule setting limits on banks' own-account trading, Okubo told Reuters.
Turning to the Bank of Japan's monetary easing earlier this week and an unprecedented joint statement with the government pledging continued efforts to battle deflation, Okubo said the move demonstrated resolve to beat deflation and deal with a strong yen.
Due to a decline in long-term yields, Obuko said there was no pressing need for the BOJ to consider extending maturities of bonds bought under its asset purchase program, something he had urged earlier. But, he added that it could remain a an option in the longer-run.
He did, however, recommend that the central bank bought bonds of utilities as part of its corporate debt purchases.
"I personally hope that the BOJ will steadily buy bonds issued by electricity companies, which are the weakest but most influential in the corporate bond sector," Okubo said.
($1 = 79.9300 Japanese yen)
(Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore)
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