福島核電廠放射性物 可能擴散到地下深層
【國
際中心／綜合報導】東京電力公司昨晚宣佈，福島第一核電廠4號機組靠近大海一側25公尺米深的地下水中，鍶90等釋放β射線的放射性物質達到每升59貝克
勒爾，說明放射性物質污染可能已擴散到地下深層。日本核電廠將含有鍶90的水向海中排放的法定標準是每升30貝克勒爾。
Japan Says Fixing Fukushima’s Toxic Water Issues to Take Years
Ending radioactive water leaks along
with groundwater and ocean contamination at the wrecked
Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan may take more than five years,
according to a report by a government advisory body.
The effort includes building stronger storage tanks at the
site to prevent leaks of radioactive water, covering areas with
impermeable coating to stop groundwater contamination and
building underground walls to block subsurface inflow. Completing the measures will take till March 2019, the report estimates. It’s based on 779 proposals submitted by domestic and overseas companies to the International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning. The plan doesn’t include any technology to remove tritium isotopes from water.
The plan “excludes measures for tritium contamination because there is no proven technology to remove it,” Yuzo Ohnishi, chairman of the panel and an executive vice-president of Kyoto University, told reporters. He delivered the report to Trade and Industry Minister Toshimitsu Motegi today.
Japan’s government has said it will play a more prominent leadership role in tacking the disaster amid criticism of the response by the plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Co. (9501)
The Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear station suffered reactor meltdowns following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. The plant is on the Pacific coast 150 miles (240 kilometers) north of Tokyo.
Now the question is: How far is the government prepared to go in supporting efforts to contain the mess at the plant, and will it do a better job at keeping the site under control than operator Tokyo Electric Power Co.?
"Japan has few other options" besides devoting public money and resources to the cleanup of Fukushima ......
|
By MARTIN FACKLER
Analysts are questioning whether Japan's government and the operator
of the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant have the expertise and
ability to manage the crisis.
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"Water
keeps building up inside the plant, and debris keeps piling up outside
of it. This is all just one big shell game aimed at pushing off the
problems until the future."
KIYOSHI KUROKAWA, who led an investigation into the nuclear accident at the Fukushima plant in Japan.
日本《產經新聞》9月3日報道稱，對于日本政府3日對東京電力公司福島第一核電站的核污水泄漏事件採取的解決方案，韓國多家媒體紛紛提出嚴厲批評，認為這只不過是日本為了敷衍國際奧委會的手段。 報道稱，2020年夏季奧運會的舉辦地公布 ...
日本原子能規制委員會委員長田中俊一9月2日在日本外國特派員協會舉行記者會,就東京電力公司福島第一核電站儲存的含有放射性物質的污水問題，再次表示放射性物質降至標準值以下後，「排入大海不可避免」。同時表示「將竭盡全力處理，希望大家給予理解」。
田中表示，向海洋排放污水之前，將使用可去除約60種放射性物質的「污水處理控制系統（ALPS）」進行處理。對於裝置無法去除的三重氫，將在稀釋後排放。
另外，田中解釋稱「全世界的核設施通常都會排放上述物質」。並指出「因核試驗等原因，歷史上曾有大氣中的輻射等級比現在高幾萬倍的時期」。
對於核電站儲水槽的污水洩漏問題，田中指出「最重要的是向國際社會傳達確切信息」。同時表示「由於狀況每天都在變化，已通知原子能規制廳的職員謹慎、準確地提供客觀信息」。
作為福島第一核電站含高濃度放射性物質的污水洩漏問題的對策費，日本政府計劃投入超過400億日元的國家經費。國家將出資建設阻止污水流向核反應爐廠房地下水中的「凍土墻」，另外還將增設污水凈化裝置。日本希望通過國家出面來儘快平息事態。
Trade and Economy Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said late on Monday the government would fund "tens of billions" of yen to address the water crisis after the embattled operator of the plant, Tokyo Electric Power Co, said it had found another radiation hot spot at the facility.
The government is set to announce on Tuesday a package of measures to deal with the crisis at the Fukushima plant, which was wrecked by a massive earthquake and tsunami in March 2011.
The public funds will amount to as much as 50 billion yen ($503.25 million), Japanese media reported on Tuesday.
This would include 32 billion yen to create a massive underground wall by freezing a perimeter of earth around the damaged reactors to contain groundwater flows, and 15 billion yen to fix a system meant to drastically reduce radiation levels in the contaminated water.
The government would tap about 20 billion yen in budgetary reserves for this fiscal year, media reported, citing unidentified government sources.
The government of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, which faces a decision on Saturday by the International Olympic Committee on Tokyo's bid to host the 2020 summer Olympics, is rushing to address criticism that Tokyo Electric, or Tepco, has bungled the response to the nuclear disaster.
"Tokyo Electric has been playing a game of whack-a-mole with problems at the site," Motegi said in a televised interview late on Monday, referring to a popular amusement park game.
He said the Fukushima problems should not have any impact on the Olympic bid, in which Tokyo is competing with Madrid and Istanbul.
After a recent spike in overseas alarm at the problems at Fukushima, the Japanese government is "trying to cool the international media off prior to the Olympics decision", Mycle Schneider, an independent nuclear energy analyst based in Paris who frequently visits Japan, said by email.
"NO CAUSE FOR WORRY"
Measurable radiation from water leaking is confined to the harbor around the plant, Motegi said, and there should be no impact on other countries because the radiation will be so diluted by the ocean that it is not an environmental threat.
"There is no cause for athletes or visitors to Tokyo to worry," the minister said.
Last month, China said it was "shocked" to hear that contaminated water was still leaking from storage tanks and urged Japan to give timely and accurate information.
Tepco is storing enough contaminated water to fill more than 130 Olympic-sized swimming pools, mostly in hastily built tanks that officials have said may spring further leaks.
The planned measures are daunting. Freezing earth to block water flows is a technology commonly used in digging subway tunnels, but it is untested on the Fukushima scale and the planned duration of years or decades. The decontamination technology has repeatedly suffered from glitches.
The planned government intervention still represents only a tiny slice of the response to the Fukushima crisis, which is expected to take decades and rely on unproven technology.
The water-containment measures do not address the full problem of water management at the crippled plant, do not remove uncertainty about the fate of Tepco, Japan's largest power company, and do not address the much bigger problem of decommissioning the plant. The most sensitive job of removing spent fuel rods is to start in coming months.
The government's planned announcement, at a Tuesday meeting of a disaster task force, will come just hours after Tepco said patrolling workers found a new area of high radiation near storage tanks. Those tanks are holding water that became contaminated after it was washed over melted fuel rods.
The Fukushima Daiichi power plant north of Tokyo was devastated by a tsunami on March 11, 2011, that resulted in fuel-rod meltdowns at three reactors, the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.
Tepco has been pumping water into the reactors to keep the damaged cores and stored fuel from overheating. That emergency step has created a secondary crisis of how to manage the contaminated water that is pumped back out.
Workers had found no signs of fresh radiation leaks but the company said a radiation reading on the ground near the newly found hot spot would expose a worker in just one hour to the safety limit Japan has set for exposure over five years.
No precise reading was given since workers were using instruments that only recorded radiation up to 100 millisieverts an hour. Tepco said the reading exceeded that level.
Tepco said last week radiation near a different tank spiked 18 times higher than the initial reading, a level that could kill an unprotected person in four hours.
As much as 300 metric tons of highly radioactive water was found to have leaked from another tank last month. ($1 = 99.3550 Japanese yen)
(Reporting by Sumito Ito and Mari Saito; Additional reporting by Aaron Sheldrick; Writing by Bill Mallard; Editing by Paul Tait)
日本原子能規制委員會委員長田中俊一9月2日在日本外國特派員協會舉行記者會,就東京電力公司福島第一核電站儲存的含有放射性物質的污水問題，再次表示放射性物質降至標準值以下後，「排入大海不可避免」。同時表示「將竭盡全力處理，希望大家給予理解」。
田中表示，向海洋排放污水之前，將使用可去除約60種放射性物質的「污水處理控制系統（ALPS）」進行處理。對於裝置無法去除的三重氫，將在稀釋後排放。
另外，田中解釋稱「全世界的核設施通常都會排放上述物質」。並指出「因核試驗等原因，歷史上曾有大氣中的輻射等級比現在高幾萬倍的時期」。
對於核電站儲水槽的污水洩漏問題，田中指出「最重要的是向國際社會傳達確切信息」。同時表示「由於狀況每天都在變化，已通知原子能規制廳的職員謹慎、準確地提供客觀信息」。
作為福島第一核電站含高濃度放射性物質的污水洩漏問題的對策費，日本政府計劃投入超過400億日元的國家經費。國家將出資建設阻止污水流向核反應爐廠房地下水中的「凍土墻」，另外還將增設污水凈化裝置。日本希望通過國家出面來儘快平息事態。
Japan to spend up to $500 million to fix Fukushima nuclear crisis
TOKYO |
(Reuters) - Japan is set to pledge up to $500 million to contain leaks
of radioactive water from the crippled Fukushima nuclear plant, with the
government stepping up its intervention in the world's worst atomic
disaster in a quarter of a century.Trade and Economy Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said late on Monday the government would fund "tens of billions" of yen to address the water crisis after the embattled operator of the plant, Tokyo Electric Power Co, said it had found another radiation hot spot at the facility.
The government is set to announce on Tuesday a package of measures to deal with the crisis at the Fukushima plant, which was wrecked by a massive earthquake and tsunami in March 2011.
The public funds will amount to as much as 50 billion yen ($503.25 million), Japanese media reported on Tuesday.
This would include 32 billion yen to create a massive underground wall by freezing a perimeter of earth around the damaged reactors to contain groundwater flows, and 15 billion yen to fix a system meant to drastically reduce radiation levels in the contaminated water.
The government would tap about 20 billion yen in budgetary reserves for this fiscal year, media reported, citing unidentified government sources.
The government of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, which faces a decision on Saturday by the International Olympic Committee on Tokyo's bid to host the 2020 summer Olympics, is rushing to address criticism that Tokyo Electric, or Tepco, has bungled the response to the nuclear disaster.
"Tokyo Electric has been playing a game of whack-a-mole with problems at the site," Motegi said in a televised interview late on Monday, referring to a popular amusement park game.
He said the Fukushima problems should not have any impact on the Olympic bid, in which Tokyo is competing with Madrid and Istanbul.
After a recent spike in overseas alarm at the problems at Fukushima, the Japanese government is "trying to cool the international media off prior to the Olympics decision", Mycle Schneider, an independent nuclear energy analyst based in Paris who frequently visits Japan, said by email.
"NO CAUSE FOR WORRY"
Measurable radiation from water leaking is confined to the harbor around the plant, Motegi said, and there should be no impact on other countries because the radiation will be so diluted by the ocean that it is not an environmental threat.
"There is no cause for athletes or visitors to Tokyo to worry," the minister said.
Last month, China said it was "shocked" to hear that contaminated water was still leaking from storage tanks and urged Japan to give timely and accurate information.
Tepco is storing enough contaminated water to fill more than 130 Olympic-sized swimming pools, mostly in hastily built tanks that officials have said may spring further leaks.
The planned measures are daunting. Freezing earth to block water flows is a technology commonly used in digging subway tunnels, but it is untested on the Fukushima scale and the planned duration of years or decades. The decontamination technology has repeatedly suffered from glitches.
The planned government intervention still represents only a tiny slice of the response to the Fukushima crisis, which is expected to take decades and rely on unproven technology.
The water-containment measures do not address the full problem of water management at the crippled plant, do not remove uncertainty about the fate of Tepco, Japan's largest power company, and do not address the much bigger problem of decommissioning the plant. The most sensitive job of removing spent fuel rods is to start in coming months.
The government's planned announcement, at a Tuesday meeting of a disaster task force, will come just hours after Tepco said patrolling workers found a new area of high radiation near storage tanks. Those tanks are holding water that became contaminated after it was washed over melted fuel rods.
The Fukushima Daiichi power plant north of Tokyo was devastated by a tsunami on March 11, 2011, that resulted in fuel-rod meltdowns at three reactors, the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.
Tepco has been pumping water into the reactors to keep the damaged cores and stored fuel from overheating. That emergency step has created a secondary crisis of how to manage the contaminated water that is pumped back out.
Workers had found no signs of fresh radiation leaks but the company said a radiation reading on the ground near the newly found hot spot would expose a worker in just one hour to the safety limit Japan has set for exposure over five years.
No precise reading was given since workers were using instruments that only recorded radiation up to 100 millisieverts an hour. Tepco said the reading exceeded that level.
Tepco said last week radiation near a different tank spiked 18 times higher than the initial reading, a level that could kill an unprotected person in four hours.
As much as 300 metric tons of highly radioactive water was found to have leaked from another tank last month. ($1 = 99.3550 Japanese yen)
(Reporting by Sumito Ito and Mari Saito; Additional reporting by Aaron Sheldrick; Writing by Bill Mallard; Editing by Paul Tait)
----
Japan’s Nuclear Watchdog Sees Ocean Dump for Fukushima Water
By Jacob Adelman, Takashi Hirokawa & Yuriy Humber -
Sep 2, 2013 4:38 PM GMT+0800
Nuclear Regulation Authority Chairman Shunichi Tanaka said today the ocean dump could be necessary as the country’s government prepares to present its plan for handling tainted water at the site that’s increasing by 400 tons a day.
Members of Japan's Nuclear
Regulation Authority inspect the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant
in Fukushima, Japan, in this handout photograph taken on Aug. 23, 2013.
Source: Nuclear Regulation Authority via Bloomberg
Aug. 23 (Bloomberg) --
Michael Friedlander, a nuclear engineer and former U.S. nuclear power
plant operator, talks about the radioactive water leaking from Tokyo
Electric Power Co.'s wrecked nuclear plant in Fukushima.
He speaks with Zeb Eckert on Bloomberg Television's "First Up."
(Source: Bloomberg)
July 8 (Bloomberg) --
Barbara Judge, the deputy chairmany of Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s
Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee, talks about her appointment, the
company's efforts to comply to new safety standards, and the need for
better public education on the advantages of nuclear power.
She spoke with Bloomberg's Jacob Adelman in Tokyo on July 4.
(Source: Bloomberg)
“It is important for us to understand the need to make difficult judgments in order to avoid larger problems in the future,” Tanaka said of the possible ocean discharge during a speech to reporters in Tokyo.
Contaminant levels must be brought below accepted limits through filtration or other treatments before the water is discharged, he said.
Japan’s Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters may present its response to the water management crisis as early as tomorrow, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsunobu Kato said today, relaying comments made by Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga to lawmakers earlier.
‘Complete Package’
The government wants to present a “complete package” of steps to tackle the water problem, Suga said, according to Kato.Tepco’s challenge was further illustrated yesterday when the utility said it had found a new radioactive leak, capping its worst month since the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused reactors to meltdown.
The company said it had halted the contaminated water leak from a pipe near an area of high radiation levels discovered on Aug. 31. Of the hot spots found over the weekend, one recorded radiation of 1,800 millisieverts per hour around the bottom of a bolted-flange tank storing water used to cool melted reactor cores. That’s 18 times the level reported at the same spot on Aug. 22, Tepco said.
The weekend’s findings probably reflect Tepco’s beefed-up monitoring crews finding contamination that was missed earlier, former nuclear engineer Michael Friedlander said in a phone interview.
Thrown Together
Tepco boosted the number of tank-inspection patrols from twice a day to three times a day after last month’s 300-ton leak, Yoshikazu Nagai, a company spokesman, said by phone.Patrols are increasing further to four times a day beginning today, when the number of inspection staff grows to 60 members from 10, he said.
The company also planned to install gauges on all of its tanks to monitor changes in water levels that suggest leaks, Nagai said. Those water level checks are currently done by measuring the temperature of the tanks’ outer walls, he said.
“They threw these tanks together, they’re exposed to the elements and now that they have more people looking at it with a higher degree of diligence, they’re finding leaks,” said
Friedlander, who spent 13 years operating U.S. nuclear plants. “Those leaks have probably been around for quite some time and they’ve probably been growing because until now they haven’t been doing any work on them.”
Radiation Levels
Radiation levels Tepco disclosed at the weekend don’t raise an immediate concern for the general public because the site is off limits, Tetsuo Ito, head of Kinki University’s Atomic Energy Research Institute, said yesterday by telephone.Direct exposure to 1,800 millisieverts for four hours can be lethal, but it’s not life-threatening for Tepco’s inspectors as they don’t stay in one spot for four hours, he said.
Tepco said the 1,800 millisieverts reading was found 5 centimeters above the area that was checked, falling to 15 millisieverts at 50 centimeters. The reading was for beta radiation that travels short distances and can be blocked by use of metal sheet such as aluminum, the company said on its website.
With more than 338,000 metric tons of water of varying levels of toxicity stored in pits, basements and hundreds of tanks at the Fukushima plant, Tepco has been overwhelmed in trying to contain leaks.
While the water stored in tanks has been treated to remove cesium, other radioactive elements such as strontium must be reduced before it can be discharged into the ocean, Tanaka said.
Corroded Filters
Tepco’s unit for filtering such contaminants, known as ALPS, was taken off line due to corrosion on Aug. 8, just months after beginning operation. Trade Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said last month that Tepco was being given until mid-September to restart the system.“If we do decide to discharge into ocean, we will make every effort to ensure that contaminant levels are below the accepted limits,” Tanaka said. “One way to achieve it is to use the ALPS system, which does remove many radioactive elements.”
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe last month said Tepco isn’t able to handle the disaster recovery after the company acknowledged that contaminated groundwater at the plant was seeping into the ocean. Japanese government officials estimated that leak at 300 tons of irradiated water a day.
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