WORLD NEWS | Tue May 23, 2017 | 3:50am EDT
Japan anti-conspiracy bill clears lower house despite rights worries
Protesters shout slogans as they protest against an anti-conspiracy bill outside parlliament building in Tokyo, Japan May 23, 2017. REUTERS/Issei Kato
By
Kiyoshi Takenaka and
Linda Sieg | TOKYO
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's ruling bloc pushed a bill targeting conspiracies to commit terrorism and other serious crimes through parliament's lower house on Tuesday, despite fears the changes could allow police to trample civil liberties.
The lower house vote, held despite opposition party protests and concern raised by a U.N. expert, sets the stage for enactment after approval by the upper house, where the ruling coalition also has a majority.
Japanese governments have tried three times without success to pass similar legislation, which officials say is needed to ratify a U.N. treaty aimed at global organized crime as well as to prevent terrorism as Tokyo prepares to host the 2020 Olympics.
Speaking after what British police believe was a terrorist attack in Manchester on Monday in which at least 22 people died, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga stressed the need for the changes to facilitate coordination with other countries.
"We would like the legislation enacted as soon as possible," Suga said.
Opponents, however, see the legislation of part of a broader agenda by Abe to increase state powers.
"Abe and the LDP (the ruling Liberal Democratic Party) want to dramatically change the balance between protecting individual rights and police powers," said Lawrence Repeta, an expert on Japan's legal system.
Despite government assurances to the contrary, opponents fear ordinary citizens could be targeted. Critics say that combined with a widening of legal wiretapping and the reluctance of courts to limit police surveillance powers, the changes could deter grassroots opposition to government policies.
Hundreds of mostly elderly protesters gathered outside parliament to voice their opposition.
"This law would enable security police to strengthen surveillance," said retired Michiko Mori, 76.
"If you are more likely to be monitored and arrested, you would shrink from citizens' movements."
The legislation would criminalize plotting and preparing to commit 277 "serious crimes" that critics such as the Japan Federation of Bar Associations note include acts with no obvious connection to terrorism or organized crime, such as sit-ins to protest construction of apartment buildings or copying music.
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"We must not allow the creation of a surveillance society," the lawyers group said in a statement.
Last week, the U.N. special rapporteur on the right to privacy, Joseph Cannataci, wrote to Abe asking him to address the risk that the changes could "lead to undue restrictions to the rights to privacy and to freedom of expression".
Suga lashed back on Monday, calling the letter "clearly inappropriate" and adding Tokyo had protested. Cannataci responded by calling Suga's remarks "angry words" with "no substance" in an email to Reuters.
A Kyodo news agency survey published on Sunday showed voters are split over the bill, with support at 39.9 percent and opposition at 41.4 percent.
(Additional reporting by Kaori Kaneko; Editing by Robert Birsel)
In Japan, prime minister pushes ahead with controversial ‘anti-conspiracy’ bill
TOKYO — The Japanese parliament appeared ready Monday to move toward approval of a sweeping new “anti-conspiracy” measure that the government says is needed to stop terrorist attacks but that critics worry will be used to create a surveillance state.
The bill is part of a broader push by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe — who faces only weak political opposition — to advance a broad legislative agenda that includes tougher law enforcement powers. A vote in favor of the bill by lawmakers was expected Tuesday.
Abe also wants his Liberal Democratic Party to come up with a concrete plan to amend the pacifist constitution, written by Japan’s American occupiers after its defeat in World War II.
“These moves show both Abe’s arrogance and his weakness,” said Koichi Nakano, a professor of political science at Sophia University and an outspoken critic of the Abe government.
“He has no rivals and is at the height of his power, so it feels like he can do anything. We’re seeing the personalization of power, and it’s not all that different from what we see in the Trump administration,” Nakano said.
But the moves are also an attempt to divert attention from simmering
rumors of corruption, he said. The prime minister has been implicated in two shady deals but strongly denies any wrongdoing.
Against this background, Abe has been pressing ahead with an ambitious legislative agenda.
安倍政府一直強調日本有需要通過「共謀罪」，趕及在2020年東京奧運會舉行之前完備反恐的法案，同時可履行《國際組織犯罪防止條約》（United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime／UNTOC）對締約國的要求。 日本法相金田勝年在五月十九日眾議院法務委員會通過此法案後會見記者時說：「反恐對策切切是為國民的安全、安心、光明的社會而有的重要法案。」（原文：「テロ対策はもちろん、国民の安全、安心、明るい社会のためにぜひとも重要な法案だ。」約略中譯。） 安倍政府一直美言和強調「共謀罪」只針對跨國有組織罪行，一般民眾不會牽涉其中。然而事實真的是這樣嗎？不如由條文回答。 現在日本眾議院通過的「共謀罪」其實把舊有「組織的犯罪集団」概念明文化，加入227種目標罪行，符合以下條件，這些罪行只要在籌備階段便能入罪： 1. 屬有組織的犯罪集團的活動。 2. 有二人以上策劃該罪行。 3. 其中有人進行籌備資金或物品、堪察場地等「準備行為」。所以又稱為「テロ等準備罪」（約略中譯：恐襲等準備罪）。 227種被視為「恐襲準備」的罪行有什...
