Slowdown in Japan Raises the Pressure on Abe
By HIROKO TABUCHI November 15, 2013
TOKYO — Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe of Japan is now under more pressure to deliver on his
much-promoted effort to improve the country’s long-term growth
prospects, after a government estimate on Thursday showed that the
economy had slowed in the quarter that ended in September.
Recent delays on measures
that would liberalize Japan’s labor market or level the playing field
for Internet-based start-ups have raised questions about how committed
Mr. Abe remains to his proposals, especially when they encroach on
powerful vested interests.
According to the
preliminary figures released on Thursday by the government’s Cabinet
Office, exports and consumer spending displayed signs of weakening after
strong overall growth in the first half of the year. Japan’s gross
domestic product slowed to an annualized rate of 1.9 percent in the
quarter, down from 3.8 percent in the previous quarter. Growth had
benefited from a bold monetary and fiscal push by Mr. Abe’s government
to stimulate the economy.
The slowdown takes some of the shine off what had been a bright spot for an otherwise lackluster year for the global economy.
“The break from rising
share prices appears to have hurt consumer sentiment,” Akira Amari, the
minister for economic revitalization, said at a news conference after
the release. “Looking forward, I hope domestic demand holds up to bring
about a more certain recovery,” he said.
A breather from the
feverish stock market rally that hit Tokyo in the first half of the year
has slowed luxury purchases. More worrisome, companies have hesitated
to start raising wages despite a rebound in their profits, a reluctance
that Mr. Abe has taken to complaining about.
Another reason for the
slowdown was a drop in net exports. Ever since Japan was effectively
forced to close its nuclear reactors after the Fukushima disaster in
2011, its costs for importing energy have soared, hurting its balance of
trade. Exports to Asia slowed amid concerns about growth in the region.
A surge in smartphone
shipments to Japan also made a dent in the trade balance. The popularity
in Japan of Apple’s new iPhone 5S is most likely behind that jump in
shipments, Kyohei Morita, chief economist at Barclays, wrote in a report
this week.
Marcel Thieliant, an
economist at the research firm Capital Economics in London, said that
the Japanese economy was likely to regain momentum in the near term, and
that the real worries would come after the tax increase.
“An acceleration in growth
towards year-end and potentially into 2014 looks likely as spending is
brought forward, but demand will surely slump in the second quarter
despite the recently announced fiscal stimulus measures,” he said in a
note to clients after the data release.
Any further slowdown could
move Japan’s central bank to expand its already aggressive easing
program. Haruhiko Kuroda, the Bank of Japan governor, has promised that
he will do “whatever it takes,” especially to cushion the effects of the
planned sales tax increase. The government has also promised a spending
package of 5 trillion yen, or about $50 billion, to ease the pain of
higher taxes.
There is increasing
pressure on Mr. Abe to renew his attention to his promised economic
overhaul, with some executives saying that the government’s commitment
has been slipping.
Hiroshi Mikitani, an
e-commerce entrepreneur and early supporter of Mr. Abe’s economic
policies, assailed the government this week after it fell short on a
promise to relax rules that limit sales of over-the-counter drugs on the
Internet. The government has also appeared to step back from measures
that could bring more fluidity to Japan’s rigid labor market. At the
same time, Tokyo’s negotiations over an emerging Pacific trade pact led
by the United States remain fraught, with opposition from an influential
farming bloc.
The consequence of relaxed
rules for online drug sales is not huge, but a dispute over those rules
between a powerful lobby of brick-and-mortar pharmacies and online
newcomers like Mr. Mikitani’s Rakuten mall has come to symbolize a wider
battle to inject more competition into the Japanese economy.
日本增長放緩，安倍改革壓力山大
HIROKO TABUCHI 2013年11月15日
東京——日本政府周四公布的一項估計數據顯示，在結束於9月的上季度，日本經濟增速出現放緩。日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)現在面臨著更大的壓力，需要兌現他大肆宣傳的提振該國長期增長前景的計劃。
一些可以讓日本勞動力市場自由化，或為互聯網創業企業創造公平競爭環境的措施，最近紛紛被延後。這讓人們開始疑問，安倍晉三現在對他提出的政策主張到底有多認真，尤其是在這些主張觸動強大的既得利益時。
根據日本內閣府(Cabinet Office)周四公布的初步數據，在今年前半年強勁的全面增長之後，出口和消費支出顯示出了走軟的跡象。日本經濟上季度年化增幅降至1.9%，前一季度為3.8%。這些增長得益於安倍晉三為刺激經濟採取的一項大膽的貨幣和財政動作。
這次放緩讓全球經濟的一個亮點退去了幾分光芒。除了這個亮點之外，今年的全球經濟幾乎一片黯淡。
負責重振經濟的大臣甘利明(Akira Amari)在公布數據之後召開的新聞發佈會上說，「不斷上漲的股價突然剎車似乎打擊了消費者信心。」他說，「展望未來，我希望國內需求能夠繼續保持良好，帶來一個更加確定的復蘇。」
今年上半年東京股市暴漲之中發生的短暫停頓，導致了奢侈品銷售的放緩。更令人擔心的是，儘管利潤反彈，企業對漲薪卻一直猶豫不決，這已經引來了安倍晉三的抱怨。
經濟放緩的另一個原因是凈出口的下降。自從2011年福島核災難迫使日本關閉核反應堆之後，進口能源的成本激增，進而損害了貿易平衡。由於對地區增長前景的種種擔憂，面向亞洲的出口已經放緩。
日本智能手機出貨量的激增，也影響了貿易平衡。巴克萊(Barclays)首席經濟學家森田京平(Kyohei Morita)本周在一份報告中寫道，蘋果(Apple)新推出的iPhone 5S在日本非常火爆，這最有可能是出貨量激增的原因。
倫敦的研究公司凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)的經濟學家馬塞爾·蒂連特(Marcel Thieliant)說，日本經濟可能在近期重新獲得增長的動力，真正的擔憂將在增稅之後到來。
在上述數據發佈後，他在發給客戶的一份報告中說，「因為支出被提前，在年底之前經濟增長有望加快，而且在進入2014年後也可能保持這一態勢，但二季度需求毫無疑問會下降，儘管最近宣布了財政刺激措施。」
如果進一步放緩，日本央行可能會擴大已經很激進的寬鬆計
劃。日本央行(Bank of Japan)行長黑田東彥(Haruhiko
Kuroda)已經承諾，將「採取一切必要行動」，特別是為了緩和即將生效的提高銷售稅的影響。政府還承諾了一項5萬億日元，約合500億美元的一攬子支
出計劃，從而減輕增稅帶來的痛苦。
一些企業高管說，政府一直在打退堂鼓，在這種形勢下，要求安倍晉三重新專註於他所承諾的經濟改革的壓力正不斷加大。
安倍晉三經濟政策的早期支持者、電子商務企業家三木谷浩史
(Hiroshi
Mikitani)本周對政府發出了指責，因為日本政府未能兌現承諾，放鬆對在網上銷售非處方葯的限制。政府似乎也沒有兌現一些可能給日本僵化的勞動力市
場帶來更大靈活性的措施。與此同時，由於來自一個有影響力的農業集團的反對，日本政府有關一項美國主導的新太平洋貿易協定問題的談判仍然不容樂觀。
放寬在線藥品銷售規定的影響並不大，但是強大的實體藥店遊說團體和三木谷浩史的樂天(Rakuten)商城等電商新貴之間關於這些規定的爭吵，代表了在向日本經濟引入更多競爭的過程中，存在的一場更宏大的鬥爭。
翻譯：王湛
