姚銘偉：悲劇的宮家「北白川宮」

 

悲劇的宮家「北白川宮」

文化 歷史 臺灣香港 2019.08.16

姚銘偉 [作者簡介]

2008年秋天，在魏德聖的《海角七號》風靡全臺近兩個月後，另外一部同樣刻畫臺灣在地故事的電影《一八九五乙未》接棒上映，當時獲得不少好評。在這部描寫接收臺灣的日本人，以及反抗被接收的客家人的歷史電影中，有一位貫穿全劇的日本人，那就是當時身為軍醫的大文豪森鷗外。而另一位戲份吃重的日本人則是森鷗外的長官，也就是指揮臺灣征討的近衛師團長—北白川宮能久親王。

皇族北白川宮一家之命運

日本皇室自古以來即為了避免重蹈對岸中原不斷上演「易姓革命」的覆轍而不使用強調家族血緣的姓氏。取而代之，他們借用近畿地區（京都、奈良一帶）的山水或寺院之名做為「宮號」。如本文主人公的宮號，就來自京都東北方一段名為「北白川」的河流。而令人不免穿鑿附會的是，東北方在風水上被視為不祥的「鬼門」，尤其在講究陰陽五行、被喻為「咒術之都」的京都，這樣的宮號似乎早已預言了北白川宮一家的命運。

做為首位戰死異地的皇族，北白川宮能久親王在日本時代50年間被徹底神格化，成為全臺各重要神社的主祭神。而北白川宮從改稱初始即厄運不斷，如同被詛咒一般，直到第4代才擺脫宿命，甚至得以和臺灣再續前緣。如前所述，這命運多舛的一家在日本也因此被稱為「悲劇の宮家」。

歷經幕末明治動亂後，死於臺南的能久親王

1868年（慶應4年），決定新政府及幕府勢力消長的「鳥羽・伏見之戰」爆發後，當時已出家（日語稱「入道」）的能久親王受末代將軍德川慶喜之託，向新政府軍的「東征大總督」有栖川宮熾仁親王求情，冀望留慶喜一條生路。沒想到新政府拒絕停止東征，能久親王於是被捲入這場內戰。上野戰爭敗北後，他逃往東北依靠仙臺藩，後來被反新政府的「奧羽越列藩同盟」推舉為共主，成為「東武天皇」。

到了9月，仙臺藩終於向新政府投降。公然造反的能久親王於是被軟禁在京都，直到隔年明治天皇命令其還俗。10月，能久親王前往普魯士（德意志）留學。此時，北白川宮家初代的智成親王不料以17歲之齡早逝。根據他的遺願，由排行第9的兄長、同時也是明治天皇皇叔的能久親王繼承北白川宮家，當時也才24歲。

北白川宮能久親王御遺跡寫真帖1928（筆者提供）

即使人在異國，這位叛逆的皇室異類依然有驚人之舉。1876年（明治9年）時，他竟然與某位普魯士貴族的未亡人訂下婚約，還向明治政府提出結婚申請。那些封建保守的皇親國戚們聞訊時瞠目結舌的程度可想而知。驚慌失措的政府於是下令他立刻回國交代此事。然而這位曾經和權力核心兵戎相見的「朝敵」是絕對不會乖乖束手就擒的。就在返國前夕，滿腹委屈的能久親王投書普魯士的報紙，高調宣布自己的婚事。這樣的突襲，除了要讓政府臉上無光，也是對封閉的日本皇室最深沉的抗議。就這樣，回到京都的他又被軟禁了起來。至於浪漫的異國婚約，最後依然遙不可及，只得無疾而終。

1895年（明治28年），49歲的能久親王以近衛師團長的身份，在討伐臺灣各地反抗份子時負傷，最後於臺南「薨去」，結束波瀾壯闊的精彩人生。

率領近衛師團登陸澳底後的能久親王（筆者提供）

成久王也死於異鄉法國

北白川宮的悲劇宿命並未隨著能久親王的死去而告終。後來，北白川宮由他的三男繼承，是為北白川宮成久王。當時年僅8歲。

成久王爾後留學法國，在當地社交界頗受好評。由於對機械的熱愛，他不只考取駕照，甚至還購入自用車。然而根據文獻，成久王的駕駛技術並不純熟，結果在1923年（大正12年）的春天，當他從巴黎西北方的一個小鎮駕車與妻子及友人出遊時，為了超車而失控撞上路樹，成久王及鄰座的法國人當場死亡，同車的王妃也身受重傷。

正值35歲壯年的成久王和父親一樣英年早逝且雙雙在異國死於非命。若從創立北白川宮的智成親王算起，這已經是第3次的悲劇了。但，這樣的厄運還將繼續上演。

教科書中歌頌能久親王的歌曲（筆者提供）

戰後被貶為平民，接續與臺灣之緣

下一位出現在死亡筆記本中的是成久王的長男，而這位瀟灑挺拔的陸軍軍官將以比祖父及父親當年更年少的歲數迎接死亡的到來。

13歲時，北白川宮永久王接替死於車禍的父親，延續這個不祥的宮號。和父祖輩一樣，永久王承襲家族傳統進入陸軍，官拜砲兵大尉參謀。1940年（昭和15年）9月4日上午，在中國河北張家口的一場超低空射擊演習中，永久王不慎被軍機螺旋槳捲入，右腿因此被切斷，頭部也受到創傷，當晚即宣告不治，享年30歲。

戰後，在盟軍的要求下，皇族的11個宮家於1947年（昭和22年）被貶為平民。3歲時繼承家業的道久王因此改名為北白川道久，這些原本只有宮號的皇族們從此有了姓氏。說來玄奇，成為一般人姓氏後的「北白川」似乎除去了詛咒的封印，當年還在襁緥中嗷嗷待哺的道久王現在已經是80歲的耄耋長者了。

北白川道久曾擔任伊勢神宮大宮司，還主持過明仁天皇嫁女兒時的神道儀式。2007年，由日本舊皇族及華族所組成的「社團法人霞會館」致贈三株臺灣原生種的緋寒櫻給臺灣駐日代表處，由當時的駐日代表許世楷接受此一象徵臺日長久情誼的厚禮。巧的是，彼時的霞會館理事長正是北白川道久。臺日兩地千絲萬縷的歷史淵源在美麗的櫻花樹下又被添上一筆，也令人不得不深深折服在歷史的巧妙安排之下。

位於臺南的北白川宮御遺跡拜殿（國史館臺灣文獻館）

後記：北白川道久已於2018年10月20日以81歲之齡病逝，北白川家男系就此斷絕。

標題圖片： 臺北公會堂（中山堂）外的北白川御遺跡紀念碑，此處現為孫文銅像（筆者提供）

（原文《薰風》）

Kenzo Takada, Who Brought Japanese Fashion to the World ...高田賢三，享年 81 歲

“His first fashion shows were memorable,” Mr. Gabet said. “Light and playful, with models more dancing and walking than presenting clothes, faraway from the hierarchical vision of French couture.”

Known for his sense of fun, Mr. Takada — who disliked being known as a “Japanese designer” since he considered himself a “fashion designer” first — staged shows in a circus tent, and with himself riding an elephant. They were “legendary, and the toughest ticket in town,” said Gene Pressman, former co-chief executive of Barneys. “He was a cult figure for the young and young-hearted.”

Mr. Takada introduced men’s wear in 1983, a jeans line in 1986 and perfume in 1988, but by 1993, struggling after his life partner died and his business partner had a stroke, Mr. Takada decided to sell his company to LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the French fashion conglomerate, for approximately $80 million. Though he initially stayed on as the designer, in 1999, he had had enough and decided to step away from fashion, with its increasingly frenetic pace and commercial demands.

“Everything has changed, from the way we make clothes to the way information spreads and how many seasons there are now,” he said to The South China Morning Post.

Though Kenzo, the brand, continued under a series of different designers — including the team of Humberto Leon and Carol Lim, who brought back Mr. Takada’s signature trendsetting tiger, and the current artistic director, Felipe Oliveira Baptista — Kenzo, the man, explored other creative avenues.

He designed costumes for the opera, created the Japanese Olympic uniforms in 2004, painted, and created a new homewares collection. He opened his archives for a coffee table tome of his work released in February 2019, “Kenzo Takada,” combining sketches, diary excerpts, letters and photographs.

Mr. Takada with his fall/winter 1998-99 collection presentation in Paris. “He was a cult figure for the young and young-hearted,” a former Barneys executive said.Credit...Joel Saget/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

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高田 賢三（たかだ けんぞう、1939年2月27日 - 2020年10月4日）は、日本のファッションデザイナーで、「ケンゾー」の創業者である。 目次. 1 プロフィール; 2 主なブランド名; 3 受章・受賞歴; 4 映画監督作品; 5 書籍; 6 事件; 7 脚注; 8 関連 ...


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Kenzō Takada was a Japanese-French fashion designer. He founded Kenzo, a worldwide brand of perfumes, skincare products, and clothes, and was the acting honorary president of the Asian Couture Federation. Contents. 1 Early life; 2 ...
Partner(s)‎: ‎Xavier de Castella
Nationality‎: ‎French; Japanese (expatriate)
Awards‎: ‎Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Known for‎: ‎Founder of ‎Kenzo
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Kenzo Clothing - Men, Women & Kids collection
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Kenzo 創辦人、日本著名設計師高田賢三（Takada Kenzo）死於武漢肺炎，享年 81 歲。





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Super Mario at 35

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Almost exactly 35 years ago, Super Mario Bros., the iconic video game from Nintendo, debuted — making a high-jumping plumber named Mario the Japanese video game company’s equivalent of Mickey Mouse. We’ve compiled 35 things to consider about the overachieving plumber. Here are a few.

1. First, it’s the game that is 35, not Mario. He’s 39. Mario debuted in 1981 in another famous Nintendo game, Donkey Kong, in which he runs up a series of girders, jumps over barrels and climbs ladders to rescue a woman kidnapped by a giant ape.

2. In the early years of video games, characters were defined less by who they were than by what they could do. Pac-Man gobbled dots and chased — or was chased by — ghosts. Sonic ran fast. Mario jumped. In fact, before the creators of Donkey Kong called him Mario, they called him “Jumpman.”

3. Mario is so famous that even his brother, Luigi — who was playable in Super Mario Bros. in two-player mode — is a superstar. Luigi has more personality; he’s a nervous worrier and an underdog in the shadow of his famous sibling. Nintendo marketed 2013 as the Year of Luigi. Did you celebrate?

4. It’s unclear what Mario’s last name is. Sometimes Nintendo officials have said it is Mario (hence Mario and Luigi being the “Mario Bros.”), which would make him Mario Mario. Other times, they’ve said he doesn’t have one.

5. There’s also Wario, a sort of evil Mario, relation unknown. He has starred in over a dozen games, like Wario Land and WarioWare.